Turkey and Azerbaijan will sign a memorandum of understanding tomorrow, establishing a consortium that will build a pipeline to ship natural gas from the BP Plc- operated Shah Deniz field to Europe via Anatolia.
State Oil Co. of Azerbaijan, or Socar, Turkey
+%3Cp%3E+It+looks+like+the+millionaire+surtax+is+going+down+again.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EDemocrats+have+pushed+for+weeks+to+impose+a+millionaire+surtax+to+help+pay+for+the+cost+of+extending+the+payroll+tax+cut.+Republicans+have+said+it+would+be+a+job-killer.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%3Cp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%3Cp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EOn+Wednesday+night%2C+with+time+running+out+before+Congress+adjourns+for+the+year%2C+it+appeared+that+Democrats+were+ready+to+give+up+in+the+name+of+getting+a+deal+done.+A+source+told+CNN+that+Senate+Democrats+would+propose+a+new+plan+that+did+not+include+the+tax.+%28Read%3A+The+latest+on+negotiations%29%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EThe+demise+of+this+version+of+the+millionaire+tax+would+not+be+a+surprise.+Lawmakers+have+already+voted+down+a+surtax+of+5.6%25%2C+then+3.25%25+and+most+recently+1.9%25.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EBut+the+idea+of+taxing+the+rich+will+come+up+again+and+again+next+year%2C+since+themes+of+income+inequality+and+tax+fairness+will+be+sounded+repeatedly+on+the+campaign+trail.%3C%2Fp%3EPayroll+tax+cut%3A+What%27s+at+stake%3Cp%3EUrban+Institute+resident+fellow+Howard+Gleckman+points+out+that+an+extra+tax+on+millionaires+may+make+for+great+politics+but+it+would+make+for+awful+policy%2C+although+not+for+the+reasons+that+many+in+the+GOP+suggest.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3ERepublicans+still+cleave+to+the+notion+that+to+ever+ask+millionaires+to+pay+more+in+taxes+will+bring+the+economy+to+a+screeching+halt+because+it+would+hurt+small+business+job+creation.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EBut+there+are+problems+with+that+reasoning%3A%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E–A+very+small+percentage+of+tax+filers+with+business+income+make+more+than+%241+million.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E–There+is+no+way+to+tell+how+many+new+jobs+those+millionaires+create.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E–And+business+income+can+come+from+activities+that+don%27t+result+in+a+lot+of+hiring%2C+such+as+owning+rental+property+or+investing+in+a+partnership.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EFor+Gleckman%2C+a+big+problem+with+the+millionaire+surtax+is+that+it+feeds+the+myth+that+the+super+rich+can+pay+for+everything.+They+can%27t.+There+are+not+enough+of+them.%3C%2Fp%3EPayroll+tax+cut+divide%3A+How+to+pay+for+it%3Cp%3EAnd+by+applying+a+surtax+here+and+a+surtax+there%2C+soon+you%27re+talking+serious+rate+creep+–+to+levels+that+could+be+counterproductive+%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fus-fast-cash-now.com%22%3Efast+cash%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%21–+.+–%3E.+The+higher+rates+become+the+more+likely+it+is+that+the+rich+will+look+for+ways+to+avoid+paying+them.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EIf+the+Bush+tax+cuts+expire%2C+the+top+rate+goes+to+39.6%25+and+the+value+of+certain+deductions+goes+down.+Add+in+a+new+Medicare+tax+for+high-income+households+starting+in+2013%2C+and+the+top+rate+could+approach+50%25+if+Congress+passed+a+5.6%25+surtax%2C+Gleckman+noted.+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EDespite+the+flaws+in+the+parties%27+strategies+–+Democrats+always+reach+first+to+tax+the+rich+and+Republicans+always+rush+to+protect+them+even+at+the+expense+of+everyone+else+–+each+contains+a+bit+of+truth+the+other+side+will+have+to+accept+sooner+or+later.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E+%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EBoth+the+rich+and+the+middle+class+eventually+will+have+to+contribute+to+efforts+to+spur+the+economy+and+stabilize+the+federal+budget.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3E%26quot%3BDemocrats+today+can%27t+solve+our+nation%27s+many+budgetary+woes+primarily+by+taxing+the+rich%2C+and+Republicans+risk+alienating+the+middle+class+when+they+try+to+spare+the+rich+from+sharing+the+additional+burdens+most+Americans+soon+must+bear%2C%26quot%3B+former+Treasury+official+Eugene+Steuerle+wrote+in+his+public+policy+column+%26quot%3BThe+Government+We+Deserve.%26quot%3B%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EThe+rich+will+have+to+pay+more+in+taxes%2C+he+notes%2C+because+even+if+spending+is+cut+across+the+board%2C+they+won%27t+feel+the+pinch+since+they+don%27t+rely+on+government+spending+to+get+by.%3C%2Fp%3E%3Cp%3EAnd+the+middle+class+will+eventually+need+to+accept+some+spending+cuts+and+tax+increases%2C+Steuerle+said%2C+%26quot%3Bnot+because+the+rich+can%27t+pay+more%2C+but+because+most+income+in+the+economy+resides+with+that+80+percent+of+the+population+that+is+neither+poor+nor+rich.%26quot%3B%26nbsp%3B+%3C%2Fp%3E++%3Cp%3E%3Ca+href%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2011%2F12%2F14%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Fmillionaire_surtax%2Findex.htm%27+rel%3D%27nofollow%27%3ESource%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fp%3E+
Stock markets steadied Tuesday after the previous day’s big declines when investors fretted over the deal to fix the euro crisis by binding member economies closer together.
Optimism over last Friday’s agreement by the 17 euro countries and nine others to adopt a new fiscal pact to prevent a repeat of the debt crisis evaporated Monday after credit rating agencies Moody’s and Fitch both said it was insufficient and would not materially address the crushing debt loads of some nations or their rising borrowing costs.
Moody’s warned that it will review all EU governments’ ratings for possible downgrades in early 2012 _ a threat that analysts said was particularly worrisome to France, a major contributor to the European Financial Stability Facility, Europe’s emergency bailout fund. A downgrade of France’s triple A rating could hurt its ability to fulfill its commitments to the fund.
Investors are also awaiting the response of rival agency Standard & Poor’s. Last week it warned that it could downgrade most of the eurozone economies, including Germany, if the deal failed to deliver.
“It was not the reaction to the summit that politicians had hoped for, but it was in line with previous market response to summits which are sold as being the solution to all of Europe’s problems but end up raising more questions than they answer,” said Gary Jenkins, an analyst at Evolution Securities.
Following Monday’s big retreat, there’s been a calmer tone in the markets, though skepticism over the deal’s details remain.
In Europe, Germany’s DAX recouped some of Monday’s lost ground, trading 0.5 percent higher at 5,815 while the CAC-40 rose 0.1 percent to 3,092. The FTSE 100 index of leading British shares rose 0.4 percent to 5,450.
Wall Street was poised for modest gains at the open _ Dow futures were up 0.4 percent at 11,991 while the broader Standard & Poor’s 500 futures rose an equivalent rate to 1,235.
The calmer tone was evident in the performance of the euro, which was trading 0.2 percent higher at $1.3195. On Monday, the single currency fell to a 10-week low over worries that Europe’s new financial pact won’t be enough to stop the region’s growing debt crisis.
“The financial markets are now digesting the details of the EU deal struck last Friday, and it is quickly becoming apparent that the financial markets have once again given it the thumbs down, which could quickly result in increased concerns of major funding difficulties emerging in the first half of 2012 when there is sizable sovereign debt to be rolled over, in particular in Italy,” said Derek Halpenny, an analyst at The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ.
Another currency in the headlines was the Indian rupee, which hit a fresh record low Tuesday, after a contraction in industrial output reported the day before. The currency touched 53.52 against the dollar, down over 21 percent since late July. It is the third time in three weeks that it has breached prior lows.
The plunging currency is further darkening the economic outlook for Asia’s third largest economy. While a weak rupee can help exporters, it wreaks havoc with India’s giant oil import bill, deepening the country’s growing deficit.
“It clearly reflects the slowing economy in India and also the flight to the dollar of global money,” said SMC Global Securities strategist Jagannadham Thunuguntla.
The benchmark Sensex index was up 0.6 percent in midday trade in Mumbai, as trading held steady after a punishing three-day slide.
Elsewhere in Asia, stocks took a battering following the previous day’s retreats in Europe and the U.S.
Japan’s Nikkei 225 fell 1.2 percent to close at 8,552.81 while South Korea’s Kospi gave up 1.9 percent to 1,864.06 and Hong Kong’s Hang Seng lost 0.7 percent to 18,447.17. On mainland China, the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index fell 1.9 percent to 2,248.59, its lowest in closing since March 2009. The Shenzhen Composite Index lost 3 percent to 921.32.
Oil prices tracked equities in Europe modestly higher ahead of a meeting of the OPEC oil cartel in Vienna, Austria, which is expected to see production levels left unchanged _ benchmark oil for January delivery was up 38 cents to $98.14 per barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.
U.S. stock futures are falling Monday as the initial enthusiasm over last week’s agreement on fixing the European debt crisis is replaced by worries that it won’t be enough.
The deal would allow for a central European authority to oversee future budgets for the 17 countries that use the euro. But it doesn’t help cut existing debt, which has caused Greece, Ireland and Portugal to need bailouts and is threatening Italy and Spain.
Less than an hour before the opening of trading in New York, futures for the Dow Jones industrial average are down 99 points to 12,044 while futures on the broader S&P 500 index are down 11 points to 1,242.
Markets in Europe are dropping, with France’s CAC-40 down 1.5 percent to 3,123.71, Germany’s DAX off by 1.2 percent to 5,862.44, and London’s FTSE 100 down 0.5 percent to 5,499.62.
Credit rating agency Moody’s said last week’s summit “offers few new measures.”
“The announced measures therefore do not change Moody’s previously expressed view that the crisis is in a critical and volatile stage,” Moody’s said, warning that it still intends to review all EU governments’ ratings for possible downgrades during the first three months of 2012.
Asian stocks mostly closed higher, as they caught up with the gains made in Europe and the U.S. on Friday.
Japan’s Nikkei 225 index jumped 1.4 percent to close at 8,653.82. South Korea’s Kospi added 1.3 percent to 1,899.76 and benchmarks in Singapore, Taiwan, Australia and Indonesia also rose.
OTTAWA—The New Housing Price Index rose 0.2 per cent in October after a similar increase in September.
Statistics Canada reports the metropolitan regions of Toronto and Oshawa, and Edmonton were the top contributors to the increase.
The agency says their positive impact was offset in part by decreases in Vancouver and Victoria.
Between September and October, Edmonton (up 0.6 per cent) posted the largest monthly price advance, followed by Toronto and Oshawa (0.4).
In Edmonton, price increases were primarily the result of higher material and labour costs as well as higher land values, while in Toronto and Oshawa, some builders cited good market conditions paperless payday loans.
The agency says prices were unchanged in nine of the 21 metropolitan regions surveyed.
The most significant monthly price declines were recorded in Victoria (down 0.6 per cent) and Saskatoon (down 0.3).
Year over year, the index was up 2.5 per cent in October.
Toll Brothers Inc. says its fiscal fourth-quarter net income slid 70 percent, partly because last year’s quarter was helped by a large tax benefit.
Still, the performance topped analysts’ expectations, and the luxury homebuilder’s revenue climbed as home deliveries and net signed contracts increased.
Toll Brothers reported Tuesday that it earned $15 million, or 9 cents per share, for the three months ended Oct. 31. That compares with net income of $50.5 million, or 30 cents per share, a year earlier.
Last year’s results included a $59 payday loans with no fax.9 million tax benefit.
Analysts expected earnings of 5 cents per share.
Revenue rose 6 percent to $427.8 million. That beat Wall Street’s $424.3 million estimate.
Home deliveries climbed 8 percent. Signed contracts increased 15 percent.
Toll Brothers is based in Horsham, Pa.
Standard & Poor’s is threatening to downgrade the credit rating of 15 eurozone countries, saying the worsening debt crisis is affecting the bloc’s strongest economies.
The decision Monday to put 15 eurozone countries, including AAA-rating nations such as Germany and Luxembourg, on watch for a possible downgrade piles pressure on eurozone leaders to find a solution to the currency union’s debt troubles at a summit later this week.
S&P said its decision was “prompted by our belief that systemic stresses in the eurozone have risen in recent weeks to the extent that they now put downward pressure on the credit standing of the eurozone as a whole.”
The only two euro nations not put on credit watch were Cyprus, which was already under review, and Greece, which already holds the world’s worst rating.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP’s earlier story is below.
BRUSSELS (AP) _ Efforts to stabilize Europe’s financial crisis were thrown into disarray late Monday as the 17 countries that use the euro braced for a possible downgrade of their credit ratings.
The leaders of France and Germany sought to restore confidence in the troubled European currency during the day with a joint call for changes to the European Union treaty so that countries using the euro would face automatic penalities if budget deficits ran too high.
Stock prices rose and borrowing costs for European governments dropped sharply in response to the changes proposed by French President Nikolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel. They said their proposals would prevent the kind of out-of-control spending and borrowing that led to the debt crisis that is engulfing Europe and threatening the global financial system.
But on Monday night two people familiar with the matter said Standard & Poor’s is examining the credit rating of all 17 eurozone countries for a possible downgrade as the continent’s debt crisis lingers. They said S&P is likely to make an announcement on putting the euro countries on “credit watch” after the closing of markets in the U.S. on Monday.
The people were speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the matter.
The threat to downgrade all 17 eurozone countries _ including the ones that enjoy the stellar AAA-rating _ comes ahead of a crucial summit of EU leaders later this week. If there is widespread support at the summit, it is assumed that would be an important first step in bringing an end to the crisis, which has dragged on for more than two years.
“Our wish is to go on a forced march toward re-establishing confidence in the eurozone,” Sarkozy said at a news conference in Paris, with Merkel at his side. “We are conscious of the gravity of the situation and of the responsibility that rests on our shoulders.”
EU treaty changes could take months, if not years, to implement and don’t wipe away the mountains of government debt dragging down Europe’s economy. But preliminary buy-in Friday from the 17 countries that use the euro could set the stage for further emergency aid from the European Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund or some combination.
“The onus is still on the ECB to print money to make huge loans or bond purchases and draw a line under the crisis,” said Jennifer McKeown, senior European economist at Capital Economics. “Perhaps if other member states sign up to Merkel’s and Sarkozy’s proposals this week the (ECB) will step in.”
Sarkozy pledged to have a revised EU treaty ready for signing by March. It would then need to be ratified in each country, which could mean lengthy parliamentary debates or national referendums in some cases.
“A lot depends on the specifics and how these are going to be framed by lawyers,” said Piotr Maciej Kaczynski, an expert on EU constitutional issues at the Center for European Policy Studies in Brussels.
At the very least, it could take at least 18 months to ratify a new treaty once it has been signed by all heads of state, said Kaczynski. “That is a much longer timeline than what markets might want,” he said.
Bond-market analysts said they remain skeptical of Europe’s ability to prevent future profligacy. “If you say it strong enough and often enough maybe people will believe it,” said Guy LeBas, chief fixed income strategist at Janney Montgomery Scott. “But I don’t think the markets believe ‘Merkozy’ at this point.”
EU governments reacted with caution.
No other EU leaders came out against the Franco-German proposals, but no strong statements in favor were immediately forthcoming. The reaction from Austrain Finance Minister Harald Waiglein was fairly typical: “There is nothing here that contradicts our position,” although more details are needed, he said.
The modern EU is based on a set of treaties, dating as far back as the 1950s, when the project of consolidating the continent began payday loan lenders. The treaties detail the rules that countries must follow and outline the mandates of institutions like the ECB. The most recent was the Lisbon Treaty, which was ratified in 2009, giving additional powers to the European Commission and European Parliament.
Sarkozy said he and Merkel would prefer that the treaty changes they’re proposing be agreed to by all 27 members of the EU. But he left the door open to an agreement only among the 17 euro countries and anyone else “who wants to join us.”
Sarkozy and Merkel discussed several broad changes for the EU treaty, but failed to provide much detail. The changes they outlined included:
_ Introducing an automatic penalty for any government that allows its deficit to exceed 3 percent of GDP. A majority of nations would need to oppose automatic sanctions for a country to avoid them.
Governments are supposed to abide by the deficit limit under existing rules, but many, including France, have flouted it. Further, punishment only occurs after a majority of euro countries votes to impose them.
_ Requiring countries to enshrine in law a promise to balance their budgets.
A key issue for the proposal’s final approval will be how much flexibility countries can have to run temporary deficits during economic downturns.
_ Pledging that any future bailouts would not require private bond investors to absorb a part of the costs, as was the case for the Greek bailout.
Germany had earlier insisted that Europe’s permanent bailout fund would demand private investors take losses if a country in the future needs rescuing.
_ Promising to not criticize or otherwise comment on the work of the ECB.
This is intended to ensure the bank’s independence and its ability to act without pressure from European leaders.
Sarkozy said more details would be included in a letter sent Wednesday to European Council President Herman Van Rompuy.
After Sarkozy and Merkel spoke, stocks rose and borrowing rates for governments across Europe plunged, indicating a sharp rise in investor confidence in the continent’s ability to resolve the crisis.
France’s CAC-40 index climbed 1.2 percent, Germany’s DAX rose 0.4 percent and markets outside of Europe also pushed higher, with the Dow Jones industrial average up 1.2 percent.
French banks, which have been hit hard this year over fears about their large exposure to the government bonds of financially weak countries like Greece, saw some of the biggest gains.
Societe Generale’s stock price climbed 6.2 percent while BNP Paribas rose 4.9 percent. In Italy, shares of Unicredit rose 5.4 percent while Spain’s Santander rose 3.6 percent.
Worries about the stability of the euro reached a fever pitch in recent weeks as the yields on Italy’s bonds _ in a nutshell, its borrowing costs _ jumped above 7 percent. That is the level that eventually forced Greece, Ireland and Portugal to require bailouts. By comparison, bond yields in Germany, Europe’s largest and most stable economy, are roughly 2 percent.
Italian and Spanish bond yields fell sharply on Monday, an indication of growing investor confidence in their financial future. The yield on Italy’s benchmark 10-year bond fell from 6.65 percent to 5.93 percent.
Italy, whose government debt is equivalent to 120 percent of the country’s annual economic output, needs to refinance $270 billion of its $2.6 trillion of outstanding debt by the end of April.
The size of the problems facing Italy and Spain are considered too large for the existing funds available to the European Financial Stability Facility ($590 billion) and the IMF ($389 billion.) To boost the firepower of the IMF, several economists have proposed that the ECB lend to it.
The big threat to the global financial system is that Europe’s debt crisis could spiral out of control.
If governments default on their bonds, banks that own them could take a significant hit. It could become very difficult for these banks to borrow and nervous depositors could flee with their cash. In the worst case, a global financial panic could be triggered, in which banks all over are too skittish to lend to each other. That would cause a credit crunch that deprives businesses of the short-term financing they depend on for day-to-day operations.
With such fears in the air, the United States is ratcheting up its involvement.
Geithner will meet Tuesday in Germany with ECB President Mario Draghi and German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schauble. On Wednesday, he travels to France for talks with Sarkozy and the prime minister-elect of Spain, Mariano Rajoy Brey.
Employers likely added more jobs in November, encouraged by signs of modest economic growth. But the gains aren’t expected to be enough to lower the unemployment rate.
Economists forecast that employers added a net 125,000 jobs last month, an improvement from October’s gain of 80,000. The unemployment rate is expected to stay at 9 percent for the second straight month.
Some economists have revised their estimates even higher _ to roughly 150,000 _ after a spate of positive economic reports. And payroll provider ADP said Wednesday that private companies added 206,000 jobs last month.
Still, analysts say that while the economy is growing at a steady pace, it’s not accelerating enough to prompt employers to hire more aggressively.
And Europe’s financial crisis threatens to slow U.S. growth next year. A recession in Europe could reduce U.S. exports, hurt global financial markets and dampen business confidence.
Paul Ashworth, an economist at Capital Economics, estimates that the economy will expand 2.5 percent in the last three months of this year. But he expects growth to slow to 1.5 percent in 2012, partly because of the crisis in Europe.
“Things are getting a bit better, but perhaps only temporarily,” Ashworth said.
Weak job growth means companies don’t have to raise pay to keep their employees. Fewer jobs and lower pay leaves consumers with less money to spend. That’s holding back economic growth.
In the past three months, the economy has added an average of 114,000 net jobs per month. That’s barely enough to keep up with population growth. In the first four months of this year, the economy generated an average of 179,000 jobs per month.
For now, most recent economic reports have been positive.
Factories are expanding. The Institute for Supply Management, a trade group of purchasing managers, said Thursday that its manufacturing index rose to 52.7 in November, up from 50.8 in October. Any reading above 50 indicates expansion.
The ISM’s report also found that new orders and production both rose to seven-month highs. That’s a good sign for future output. Even export orders increased, despite the turmoil overseas.
Retailers reported a strong start to holiday sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, consumer confidence surged in November to the highest level since July, and Americans’ pay rose in October by the most in seven months.
Car sales also rose sharply in November, normally a lackluster month for the auto industry. Chrysler, Ford, Nissan and Hyundai all reported double-digit gains on Thursday, compared to a year ago.
Another report Thursday showed that U.S. builders spent more in October on new homes, offices and shopping centers. Construction spending rose for a third straight month, the Commerce Department said. Despite the gains, overall construction spending remained depressed.
Those reports have caused many economists to forecast a pickup in growth in the final three months of the year, to about a 3 percent annual rate. That would be an improvement from growth of 2 percent in the July-September period.
Unemployment rates fell in three-quarters of U.S. states last month, a sign that many parts of the country are experiencing modest job gains.
The Labor Department says unemployment rates fell in 36 states in October and rose in only 5. Rates were unchanged in 9 states. That’s the best showing since April, when rates fell in 39 states.
Nationally, the unemployment rate ticked down to 9 percent in October, from 9.1 percent the previous month. Employers added a modest 80,000 net jobs last month and the previous two months were revised to show much stronger gains payday advance lender.
Still, at least 125,000 jobs a month are needed to keep up with population growth, and at least double that amount to rapidly reduce the unemployment rate.
Italian Premier Silvio Berlusconi resigned Saturday after parliament’s lower chamber passed European-demanded reforms, ending a 17-year political era and setting in motion a transition aimed at bringing the country back from the brink of economic crisis.
A chorus of Handel’s “Alleluia,” performed by a few dozen singers and classical musicians, rang out in front of the president’s palace as thousands of Italians poured into downtown Rome to rejoice at the end of Berlusconi’s scandal-marred reign.
Hecklers shouted “Buffoon, Buffoon!” as Berlusconi’s motorcade entered and exited the presidential palace, where he tendered his resignation to President Giorgio Napolitano, the palace said in a statement.
Respected former European commissioner Mario Monti remained the top choice to try to steer the country out of its debt woes as the head of a transitional government, but Berlusconi’s allies remained split over whether to support him.
Their opposition wasn’t expected to scuttle Napolitano’s plans to ask Monti to try to form an interim government as early as Sunday, but it could make Monti’s job more difficult.
Napolitano will hold consultations Sunday morning with all Italy’s political forces. The back-to-back, 10-minute meetings he has scheduled indicated the talks wouldn’t drag on and that Monti would be nominated by the end of the day. Late Saturday, Berlusconi’s party said it would support Monti, albeit with conditions.
Berlusconi’s resignation was set in motion after the Chamber of Deputies, with a vote Saturday of 380-26 with two abstentions, approved economic reforms which include increasing the retirement age starting in 2026 but do nothing to open up Italy’s inflexible labor market.
The Senate approved it a day earlier and Napolitano signed the legislation Saturday afternoon, paving the way for Berlusconi to leave office as he promised to do after losing his parliamentary majority earlier in the week. He chaired his final Cabinet meeting Saturday evening and thanked his ministers.
Berlusconi stood as lawmakers applauded him in the parliament chamber immediately after the vote. But outside his office and in front of government palazzos across town, hundreds of curiosity-seekers massing to witness the final hours of his government heckled him and his ministers.
“Shame!” and “Get Out!” the crowds yelled, many toting “Bye Bye Silvio Party” posters as they marched through downtown Rome in a festive indication that for many Italians, like financial markets, the time had come for Berlusconi to go.
Berlusconi supporters were also out in force, some singing the national anthem, but they were outnumbered.
Earlier in the day, Berlusconi lunched with Monti in a clear sign the political transition was already under way, news reports said.
While the euroskeptic Northern League remained opposed to Monti’s nomination, some lawmakers suggested they could support a Monti-led government for a few months to enact the additional EU-demanded reforms before elections are held in early 2012.
In a statement issued late Saturday, Berlusconi’s Peoples of Liberty party said its members would support Monti, but added that they would also ensure that Monti’s Cabinet, legislative agenda and the timeframe of his government meets their requirements.
Napolitano appealed for lawmakers to put the good of the country ahead of short-term, local interests _ an indirect appeal to members of Berlusconi’s party and the allied Northern League to work with the new government.
“All political forces must act with a sense of responsibility,” he said.
It was an ignoble end for the 75-year-old billionaire media mogul, who came to power for the first time in 1994 using a soccer chant “Let’s Go Italy” as the name of his political party and selling Italians on a dream of prosperity with his own personal story of transformation from cruise-ship crooner to Italy’s richest man pay day loan lenders.
While he became Italy’s longest-serving post-war premier, Berlusconi’s three stints as premier were tainted by corruption trials and accusations that he used his political power to help his business interests.
His last term has been marred by sex scandals, “bunga bunga” parties and criminal charges he paid a 17-year-old girl to have sex _ accusations he denies.
In the end, his downfall came swiftly: Just last week Berlusconi boldly told a G-20 summit in Cannes, France, he was the only one who could steer Italy out of its economic morass. A week of battering on the markets and the defection of several party members later, his fate was sealed.
Italy is under intense pressure to quickly put in place a new and effective government to replace him, one that can push through even more painful reforms and austerity measures to deal with its staggering debts, which stand at euro1.9 trillion ($2.6 trillion), or a huge 120 percent of economic output. Italy has to roll over a little more than euro300 billion ($410 billion) of its debts next year alone.
Markets battered Italy this past week amid uncertainty that Berlusconi would really leave and questions over whether Italy’s notoriously paralyzed parliament could rally around a replacement. But Italy’s borrowing rates pulled back after Napolitano made clear he intended to tap the politically neutral economist Monti to try to head an interim government to push the reforms through.
The yield on benchmark Italian 10-year bonds fell to 6.48 percent Friday, safely below the crisis level of 7 percent reached earlier this week.
Greece, Ireland and Portugal all required international bailouts after their own borrowing rates passed 7 percent. The Italian economy would not be so easy to save. It totals $2 trillion, twice as much as the other three countries combined.
An Italian default could tear apart the coalition of 17 countries that use the euro as a common currency and deal a strong blow to the economies of Europe and the United States, both trying to avoid recessions.
The head of the International Monetary Fund, Christine Lagarde, said Saturday that Italy’s political transition over the next few days should send a “clear sign of clarification and of credibility” that the country is now on the right path to get its finances back in order.
Speaking to reporters in Tokyo, Lagarde had high praise for Monti, saying she had great esteem for the “quality” economist with whom she had long enjoyed a “extremely warm” and effective relationship.
The IMF has a key role to play over the next few months in overseeing Italy’s efforts to pull itself back from a Greek-style economic disaster, monitoring how it implements reforms to rein in debt and spur growth, which is projected at a scant 0.6 percent this year and 0.3 percent next year.
Amid market turmoil last week, Berlusconi was forced to ask for IMF monitoring of Italy’s finances, a humiliating prospect for the eurozone’s third-largest economy and an embarrassment for the long-defiant Berlusconi.
The premier, however, received a warm sendoff from one of his closest pals, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, who called Berlusconi “one of the last Mohicans of European politics” who had brought political stability to Italy.