My finance view

Trading has been temporarily suspended on the Egyptian stock exchange after its benchmark index spiked by 5 percent.

The surge reflects optimism stemming from the relative calm and a massive turnout that marked the country’s first parliamentary elections after Hosni Mubarak’s ouster.

The Egyptian Exchange’s benchmark EGX30 index was up 5.08 percent within minutes of the start of trade on Tuesday. The broader EGX100 index surged 5.01 percent, prompting a halt temporary halt in trading guaranteed cash advance.

Brokers attributed the rally to optimism over the landmark elections that began on Monday. The vote, which continues on Tuesday, is widely seen as a pivot point in the country’s push toward democracy after roughly 30 years of Mubarak’s rule.

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Will Santa drop any loot into your 401(k) or IRA this year?

Typically, investors can count on a “Santa Claus rally” in the stock market between Thanksgiving and New Year’s, as an upbeat mood about the coming year prompts investors to indulge in stocks along with all the holiday fare.

But this year, questions abound about whether a fragile economy could fall back into recession. The European debt crisis looks increasingly out of control, while the latest chapter in Capitol Hill dysfunction raises the chance of higher taxes for all taxpayers and a smaller safety net for the unemployed.

“Supercommittee failure means that there is a greater risk that the payroll tax cut expires, though there is still a chance this could be attached to a year-end spending bill,” said Goldman Sachs economist Alec Phillips.

Payroll tax relief, which was enacted to put more spending money into consumers’ pockets, will expire at the end of the year if Congress takes no action, and so far, Congress has shown no inclination to work cooperatively on tax or deficit-cutting measures. If the payroll tax cut disappears, the government will collect about $110 billion more a year, but that money will no longer be in paychecks as potential spending money.

That’s a concern to investors, because the economy needs consumer spending to grow. In addition, extended unemployment benefits, which provide people with about $50 billion a year to spend, would not be available either.

JPMorgan Chase economists have estimated that if the stimulus expires, the economy will go from a 3 percent annual growth rate this quarter to a 1.5 percent growth rate in the second quarter of next year as households encounter a ’sharp hit” to their after-tax income. The economists expect “consumer spending to stagnate.”

The stock market has slid the last couple of days as investors have envisioned ongoing paralysis, a recessionary threat and the potential of a negative credit rating for U.S. debt. Investors were shaken in August, when Standard & Poor’s responded to government inaction on the nation’s debt by knocking the U.S. credit rating down a half a notch, but the agencies have suggested recently that no further downgrades are planned.

That should be a relief to investors, because downgrades can inflict higher borrowing costs on countries, making it difficult to operate. But instead of U.S. Treasury yields rising, as they would based on fear of a downgrade, the 10-year bond dipped below 2 percent this week based on a different concern: Moody’s economist John Lonski said investors were worried that automatic cuts in government spending and further federal deficit trimming would slow the economy. Investors move money to safety in bonds, and consequently, yields fall.

Besides the $110 billion payroll tax cuts and $50 billion in unemployment help that could disappear, there are trillions in additional measures that will arise over the next year that could interfere with consumer spending and be a drag on the economy. If the “Bush tax cuts,” enacted in 2001 and 2003, expire according to schedule at the end of 2012, consumers will have about $4 trillion less to spend over the next 10 years.

For middle-income people, the tax cuts that could expire include a $1,000 child tax credit for parents. But it will decline to $500 without congressional action. Low-income taxpayers also now have a 10 percent tax bracket, but that will escalate to 15 percent if the deadline for an extension runs out. For middle-income and affluent people, the current tax structure will allow about 33 million people to escape the higher alternative minimum tax, if Congress keeps it going. For the rich, the expiration of an estate tax break will mean paying taxes on assets over $1 million, compared with protecting $5 million now.

Meanwhile, as investors worry that a wrong move on taxes and spending could hurt consumers and undermine the economy, trouble in European banks is starting to affect distant areas. Fearful banks are holding on to capital instead of lending, and strategist Ed Yardeni notes that’s interfering with lending in emerging markets.

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Ratings agency Standard & Poor’s on Thursday pushed Egypt’s sovereign credit ratings deeper into junk status, citing the country’s dire political and economic situation and the increased risk of civil strife.

The cut is the latest blow to Egypt, whose economy is reeling from nine months of protests and strikes since the mid-February ouster of former President Hosni Mubarak. Last month, Moody’s Investors Service also cut its ratings for Egypt, citing the ongoing political challenges and the weak economy.

S&P said it cut Egypt’s long-term foreign and local currency sovereign ratings to B+ from BB-, with a negative outlook.

“The downgrade reflects our opinion that Egypt’s weak political and economic profile … has deteriorated further,” the agency said in a statement.

In addition to the current wave of protests against the ruling military council, it cited the erosion of the country’s net international reserves and the risk of further unrest stemming from rising expectations.

“These challenges could arise if populist demands for greater political participation are thwarted, or from demands for improved living standards from different sectors of the population no matter who is governing Egypt,” the agency said.

The timing of the ratings cut is also troubling for Egypt, coming days before the Nov. 28 parliamentary elections _ the first since Mubarak left office. The fate of the elections is uncertain following the latest protests, in which demonstrators have called for the country’s military rulers to step down and transfer power to a national salvation government payday advance online.

Months of unrest have led analysts to cut forecasts for Egypt’s economic growth. A nation that just a few years earlier had boasted growth rates of 7 percent is expected to realize anemic growth of around 1 percent this year, according to the International Monetary Fund.

Equally troubling has been the drop in international reserves, which fell from $36 billion at the end of December to $22 billion by the end of October. That decline, in part, has been linked to the Central Bank’s efforts to prop up the Egyptian pound.

The stock market’s benchmark index has shed almost 48 percent since the start of the year, losing around 190 billion pounds ($32 billion) and earning the dubious distinction of being among the worst performing in the world after Greece and Cyprus. On Thursday, the EGX30 index was up about 1.6 percent.

Bond and Treasury bill yields have climbed sharply, reflecting the premium the government must pay to borrow money, and the deficit is expected to climb above earlier forecasts of around 8.6 percent as officials are forced to increase spending to meet incessant popular demands for a boost in the standard of living.

“Following Egypt’s popular uprising of January 2011, public expectations regarding the government’s ability to promptly deliver improved living standards remain high,” S&P said.

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Unemployment rates fell in three-quarters of U.S. states last month, a sign that many parts of the country are experiencing modest job gains.

The Labor Department says unemployment rates fell in 36 states in October and rose in only 5. Rates were unchanged in 9 states. That’s the best showing since April, when rates fell in 39 states.

Nationally, the unemployment rate ticked down to 9 percent in October, from 9.1 percent the previous month. Employers added a modest 80,000 net jobs last month and the previous two months were revised to show much stronger gains payday advance lender.

Still, at least 125,000 jobs a month are needed to keep up with population growth, and at least double that amount to rapidly reduce the unemployment rate.

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Metropolitan Urological Specialists PC, a leading St. Louis area medical practice, appears to be digging itself out of a $1.3 million tax problem.

Public records filed this year indicate that the Chesterfield-based medical practice and its property affiliate — Metropolitan Urological Properties LLC — has owed at least that much in delinquent federal, state and local taxes, interest and fees.

Metropolitan, which operates a sexual health clinic and offers surgery and radiation treatments, has about a dozen physicians. The medical firm has an imaging center, a laboratory, and doctors’ offices at various locations in Crestwood, Creve Coeur, Florissant, and Chesterfield including offices on the campuses of Mercy Hospital St. Louis and St. Luke’s Hospital.

Metropolitan’s new interim chief executive, Bob Lawson, and several doctors did not respond to requests to comment. The firm referred questions to its attorney, Mayer Klein. The medical firm has substantially paid down its tax liabilities in recent months, Klien said. He would not specify Metropolitan’s remaining balance of delinquent withholding taxes, he said, because the company is privately held.

“Metro is strong and very successful and a very solid company,” Klein said. ”I’m aware of our financial condition and we do not have any tax concerns.”

On Sept. 16 of this year, the Internal Revenue Service filed an $855,291 tax lien on “all property and rights to this property” belonging to the medical practice, federal records show.

The IRS filed the tax lien after Metropolitan fell behind on its federal taxes - namely, the employer’s quarterly payments of funds it must withhold from its employee’s paychecks for Social Security and Medicare. “We have made a demand for payment of this liability, but it remains unpaid,” the federal tax lien states.

Earlier this year, the Missouri Department of Revenue placed three tax liens on the firm totaling $154,103 involving overdue withholding taxes, state records show. The smallest of those state tax liens, totaling about $405, has been released.

Metropolitan’s delay in meeting its federal and state tax obligations echoes its difficulties paying its property taxes. The Post-Dispatch reported last week that the medical firm’s property affiliate - Metropolitan Urological Properties LLC - owes state and local tax authorities $338,224 in delinquent taxes, interest and penalties from 2009 and 2010 on two of its properties, which include medical office buildings at 10296 Big Bend Boulevard in Crestwood and at 215 Dunn Road in Florissant, according to St. Louis County Department of Revenue.

According to Missouri Department of Revenue records, Metropolitan’s problems paying its wittholding taxes began in early 2009.

In 2010, Missouri state tax authorities placed a $8,854 tax lien on Metropolitan, but the medical firm paid those delinquent withholding taxes and that lien was released in February of this year.

The medical firm’s former chief executive, Dunard Morris, left the firm last month for unexplained reasons. He did not return calls Thursday for comment.

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As protests erupted in Rome and other cities, Italy’s new premier unveiled his economic plan Thursday, vowing to spur growth yet fairly spread the sacrifices Italians must accept to save their country from bankruptcy and the eurozone from a disastrous collapse.

As Mario Monti spoke, riot police clashed with anti-austerity protesters in Milan, signaling the depths of resistance the economist-turned-premier will have to overcome if his plan is to succeed.

“The end of the euro would cause the disintegration of the united market,” the former European Union competition commissioner told the Senate ahead of a confidence vote on his one-day-old government. “The future of the euro also depends on what Italy will do in the next weeks. Also, not only.”

Monti formed his new government Wednesday, shunning politicians and turning to fellow professors, bankers and business executives to fill key cabinet posts.

A day later he revealed plans to fight tax evasion, lower costs for companies so they can hire more and possibly lower taxes rates for women, to encourage their increased participation in the work place. Hee warned Italians they must brace for more “sacrifices,” including the probable return of a property tax on primary residences.

“We must convince the markets we have started going down the road of a lasting reduction in the ratio of public debt to GDP. And to reach this objective we have three priorities: budgetary rigor, growth and fairness,” Monti said.

He said he would quickly work on lowering Italy’s staggering public debt, which now stands euro1.9 trillion ($2.6 trillion), about 120 percent of its GDP.

“But we won’t be credible if we don’t start to grow,” Monti said.

His administration must restore confidence in the country’s financial future and avoid contagion that would worsen the eurozone’s debt crisis. Italy’s spiraling financial crisis helped bring down media mogul Silvio Berlusconi’s 3 1/2 year-old government last week, after months of squabbling over how to save Italy from financial ruin.

Monti’s choice of unelected experts for his Cabinet and the prospect of tough reforms have fueled unrest. In cities from north to south, students clashed with police in protests against feared budget cuts Thursday, while previously planned transport strikes idled buses and trains.

Police in riot gear scuffled with students in Milan, as they tried to march to Bocconi University, which educates Italy’s business elite. Monti is Bocconi’s president.

“The government of the banks,” read one placard held by a youth in Milan.

In Palermo, Sicily, demonstrators hurled eggs and smoke bombs at a bank, and protesters threw rocks at police who battled back with pepper spray, the Italian news agency ANSA reported. One protester was injured in the head in Palermo, where police charged demonstrators who were trying to occupy another bank.

In Rome, hundreds of students gathered outside Sapienza University, while others assembled near the main train station. They marched toward the Senate, where lawmakers were holding a confidence vote in the evening on the new government.

Riot police in Turin reported several police injuries as they held back protesters trying to break through barriers in three locations.

Last week, parliament gave final approval to a package that will reform pensions, slash state spending and open up the economy. But Monti strongly suggested that much harsher medicine was needed to heal Italy’s finances and revive the stubbornly stagnant economy direct payday lenders.

He indicated Italians would be paying new taxes. Italy’s lack of a property tax on primary residences _ a move backed by Berlusconi_ is “a peculiarity, if not an anomaly” in Europe, Monti said.

Monti, who also is serving as finance and economy minister, said if Italy fails to grow and does not stay united, “the spontaneous evolution of the financial crisis will subject us all, above all the weakest, to far harsher conditions.”

He pledged to tackle chronic and widespread tax evasion to increase revenue, but also to further his goal of social fairness. Hiding or underreporting income by the self-employed is rampant in Italy, and workers with paychecks have long complained they bear an unfair share of the nation’s high taxes.

Monti said his government would consider reforms to lower Italy’s “elevated” tax rates. Employers say high payroll taxes discourage them from hiring.

In the workplace, Monti called for structural reforms but added “we must avoid the anguish which accompanies it.”

The question of how long Monti’s government will last has sparked intense debate among Italy’s political parties.

Some, like Berlusconi’s longtime ally the Northern League, refuse to back Monti’s government. Monti has said he intends to govern until the legislative period expires in the spring 2013. The League, which is strong in the affluent north, wants elections earlier.

Holding both thumbs down _ in a sign of rejection _ at the end of Monti’s speech was Senator Roberto Calderoli, a Northern League leader.

Pro-Catholic parties have said they would give “carte blanche” to the Monti government.

Some in Berlusconi’s conservative People of Freedom Party have called for early elections, but top party officials have said they will support Monti in parliament to achieve anti-crisis measures.

Monti indicated he was looking for wide support among Italians.

To encourage more women in jobs _ at 40 percent, the rate of Italian women in the workforce is one of Europe’s lowest _ he said he would consider lower tax rates for them.

In Rome, protester Titti Mazzacane said she was skeptical about the new government. While Monti chose “decent and competent people,” the government … “is a little bit too free-market liberal. I am a bit scared,” said the 53-year-old elementary school teacher.

Public schools have been hard hit by budget cuts from previous Italian governments.

Antonio Romano, who was distributing leaflets to protesters, said the government’s strategy is “make the workers and retired people pay for the crisis, not those who provoked the crisis. I mean big business, bankers.”

A transit strike of several hours idled the subway system and many buses in Rome. Milan was hit by a similar transit walkout.

State railways said a 24-hour nationwide train strike, called by one small union, affected only 5 percent of the train rains.

Alitalia reduced flights Thursday, warning that a four-hour afternoon strike in the air travel sector could cause flight delays. The walkout mainly involved air traffic controllers and airport workers, not Alitalia personnel.

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Bloomberg News is reporting that Stifel Nicolaus has resumed talks with Regions Financial to buy Morgan Keegan, citing people familiar with the talks.

According to the Bloomberg report, private equity firms recently lowered their bids to acquire Memphis-based investment banking and securities brokerage firm Morgan Keegan, which has more than 3,100 employees in more than 300 offices nationwide.

In June, Birmingham, Ala.-based Regions announced it hired Goldman Sachs to help explore a sale of Morgan Keegan.

Bloomberg reported last week that the private equity firms lowered their bids for Morgan Keegan by at least $200 million, prompting Regions to resume talks with St. Louis-based brokerage firm Stifel Financial. The highest bid from the private equity firms was about $750 million, according to Bloomberg, and earlier this year, Stifel indicated it would pay more than $1 billion for Morgan Keegan.

Private equity firms Thomas H. Lee Partners LP and Aquiline Capital Partners LLC made a joint bid for Morgan Keegan, as did Carlyle Group LP and Blackstone Group LP, according to Bloomberg. Lowering market conditions and MF Global Holdings’ bankruptcy affected their bids, Bloomberg reported.

Representatives from Regions did not immediately return calls for comment. Stifel declined to comment.

 

 

 

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Taiwan says fishermen on a Taiwanese boat fought back against Somali pirates and freed themselves after a hijacking in the Indian Ocean.

Some of the 28 crew on the Chin Yi Wen overcame the hijackers then the boat met up with British anti-piracy vessels nearby. Three crew had minor injuries.

The government news agency said the fight happened about 4 a.m. Sunday Taiwan time (2000 Saturday GMT). That was some 48 hours after the boat was reported missing.

The Central News Agency report cited the island’s Fisheries Agency. It said the 260-ton Chin Yi Wen is now heading to Port Victoria in the Seychelles.

Piracy is rife off the Somali coast. Somalia has not had a functioning government since 1991.

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It’s moving day for bank customers.

A grassroots movement that sprang to life last month is urging bank customers to close their accounts in favor of credit unions by Saturday.

The spirit behind “Bank Transfer Day” caught fire with the Occupy Wall Street protests around the country and had more than 77,000 supporters on its Facebook page as of Friday. The movement has already helped beat back Bank of America’s plan to start charging a $5 debit card fee.

It’s not clear to what extent the banking industry’s about-face on debit card fees will extinguish the anger driving the movement. But many supporters say their actions are about far more than any single complaint.

“It’s too little, too late,” said Kristen Christian, the 27-year-old Los Angeles small business owner who started “Bank Transfer Day.” She already opened accounts at two credit unions in preparation for cutting ties with Bank of America this weekend.

“Consumers are waking up and seeing that they have options,” she said.

Even with its public support, however, it’s not likely that any account closings that take place on Saturday will make a big dent with industry titans such as Chase, which is the largest bank in the country with some 26.5 million checking accounts.

But the call to action shows just how incensed consumers were at the prospect of a debit card fee at a time of so much economic uncertainty. Even those who were appeased by the industry’s reversal may have tapped into a new sense of empowerment.

That’s the case for Dan Blakemore, a Bank of America customer for the past 10 years. He said he no longer plans to close his checking account now that the debit fee has been scrapped. But he’ll be on the lookout for any other changes that might hit his wallet.

“I’m pretty confident they’re going to find some way to get that extra money,” said Blakemore, a 28-year-old who works for a nonprofit fundraiser in New York City. “I’ll just have to see if it offends my sensibility enough to close the account.”

Bank of America Corp., Citigroup Inc., JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Wells Fargo & Co. are keeping mum on whether they’ve seen an uptick in account closures in recent weeks. But credit unions and small community banks have been basking in the spotlight and issuing press releases highlighting what they say are superior interest rates and more intimate service, along with tips on how consumers can transfer accounts. They haven’t been shy about the surge in new business they’re enjoying either.

Navy Federal Credit Union, the largest credit union in the country, says new account openings in September and October were up 38 percent from a year ago. National Capital Bank, a two-branch community bank in Washington, D.C., says the vast majority of its new account openings in recent weeks have been by fed up Bank of America customers.

“The debit fee was definitely a driver,” said Noah Wilcox, president of Grand Rapids State Bank in Minnesota, which is also enjoying a lift in account openings freecreditscore.

Because credit unions and community banks vary so greatly in size, however, it’s hard to gauge the total scope of the defections they’re reporting. For example, the Lower East Side People’s Federal Credit Union in New York City says it’s enjoying more than 55 new account openings a week. That’s a big jump from its average of about 10 new accounts per week, but insignificant when weighed against the portfolios of the nation’s largest banks.

Big banks have also learned that customer grumblings don’t always translate into action. That’s particularly true for those who have multiple accounts, direct deposit and automatic bill pay; many decide that switching just isn’t worth the hassle.

“People will do a lot of complaining before they actually uproot and move,” notes Mark Schwanhausser, a banking analyst with Javelin Strategy & Research.

The recent firestorm over debit card fees was “in a class of its own” because customers saw it as a charge for accessing their own money, he said.

The timing of Bank of America’s fee announcement was unfortunate on multiple levels as well. In addition to the anxiety many are feeling amid high unemployment and stagnant wages, the news broke just as the Occupy Wall Street protests were capturing the national spotlight.

And big banks have been a key target for Occupy Wall Street, which has tapped into the lingering resentment many harbor over the role of banks in the financial meltdown of 2008.

Last month, two dozen Occupy Wall Street protestors were arrested when they entered a Citibank branch in New York City and refused to leave. Protestors have also banged drums and demonstrated outside bank branches in other cities; PNC Bank twice closed branches in downtown Pittsburgh last week after protestors entered.

But those are the extremes. Schwanhausser of Javelin said many customers will likely be placated by the industry’s white flag on debit card fees.

“People are people going to look at that Nov. 5 date and say `We made our point’,” Schwanhausser said

The banking industry may feel the same way; representatives for Bank of America, Chase, Citi and Wells Fargo indicate they haven’t done anything to prepare branch employees for a surge in account closings this weekend. Then again, many of the closures may have already taken place.

Molly Katchpole, a 22-year-old nanny in Washington, D.C., who started an online petition urging Bank of America to drop its debit card fee, says the bank’s about-face won’t win her back.

“The damage is done,” said Katchpole, who has since joined a credit union in Washington, D.C.

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It was a passengers’ nightmare at Bradley International Airport in Hartford, Conn., this weekend.

Passengers on three JetBlue planes and one American Airline plane say they were stranded on the tarmac for seven hours or more after being diverted from New York-area airports.

The ordeal continued after they were let off and had to spend the night on cots and chairs in the terminal.

A passenger on one of the diverted JetBlue planes says the crew ran out of snacks and bottled water for the last few hours of the delay.

“The toilets were backed up. When you flushed, nothing would happen,” said Andrew Carter, a reporter for the Sun Sentinel of Florida, who was traveling to cover the Miami Dolphins game against the New York Giants. His plane took off from Fort Lauderdale for Newark Liberty International Airport at around 9 a.m. After being diverted to Hartford, the plane sat on the tarmac between around 1:30 p.m. and 9 p.m., he said.

A representative for Bradley International was not available to comment on the scope of the tarmac delays at the airport.

A JetBlue spokeswoman, Victoria Lucia, confirmed in an emailed statement that six of its planes, carrying a total of about 700 passengers, were diverted to Hartford as a result of a “confluence of events” including equipment failures at Newark and New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport that prevented planes from landing in low visibility.

She declined to specify how long the planes sat on the tarmac at Bradley, but noted that 17 other flights with different carriers were also diverted to airport.

Once the planes landed at Bradley, Lucia said that intermittent power outages at the airport made refueling and deplaning difficult.

Kate Hanni, executive editor for FlyersRights.org, said she got calls and emails from passengers and worried family members regarding at least four flights that were stranded on the tarmac for up to 10 hours.

Brent Stanley and his wife were on one of those planes, an American Airlines flight that had originally been headed to JFK after taking off from Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris.

After being diverted and landing in Hartford at 2:30 p.m., Stanley said passengers were given various reasons for being held on the tarmac, including the need to refuel and de-ice and the airport’s limited capacity for handling international flights. He and his wife were eager to get back home to their two young sons in Lake Zurich, Ill. But they realized they didn’t have it as bad as the parents who had infants on the plane.

“There was a lady in front of us with an 18-month-old daughter,” Stanley said. “Another woman came by to borrow diapers because we couldn’t get to our luggage.”

After spending the night at the airport, Stanley was lucky to find two seats Sunday on an afternoon flight home to Chicago. But the headache isn’t over yet; his luggage was headed to JFK because the Hartford airport crew wasn’t able to handle international luggage, he said.

An American Airlines spokesman, Ed Martelle, said the passengers weren’t allowed off the plane by customs at the airport. Martelle did not know the exact number of American planes that were diverted to Bradley or how long they sat on the tarmac personal business card.

Matt Shellenberger, who was on a JetBlue flight from Boston to JFK, said his plane was diverted to Bradley International and sat on the tarmac for seven hours.

The crew picked up trash regularly and handed out water and snacks and “everyone held their cool,” he said. But his frustrations grew with each status update; the reasons for the delay kept changing as the hours passed.

Early on, passengers were told that the plane was just being refueled and would fly out soon, Shellenberger said. Then they were told it was being de-iced. Then there was an emergency on another plane.

“We were told we were the third plane in line to get to the gate when we landed,” he said. “Then we stayed on the plane for seven hours.”

Carter of the Sun Sentinel, who was on another JetBlue flight, reported a similar sequence of updates.

The saga continued long after passengers were let off the plane.

The power outages from storms throughout Connecticut made booking hotel rooms difficult. As a result, many passengers just slept at the airport, Carter and Shellenberger said in separate interviews.

When they awoke, hundreds of passengers had to wait in line for hours just to figure out which flight they’d be on.

“That was most disappointing part,” Carter said. “It seemed like there was no plan when we got off the plane.”

In the morning, Carter said he and several other passengers rented a van to drive to New Jersey rather than wait for the afternoon flight JetBlue had scheduled to Newark.

It’s not the first time JetBlue has had problems with tarmac delays. The New York-based airline also made headlines in 2007 when snow and ice storms stranded its planes for nearly 11 hours at New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport.

Such high-profile delays helped prompt a regulation last year that fines airlines for holding domestic flights on the tarmac for more than three hours. This year, the rule was extended to apply to international flights that are held on the tarmac for more than four hours.

The Department of Transportation often doesn’t enforce the fines to their full extent unless delays are extreme, however. Passengers also do not get a cut of the fines.

Low-cost carriers are more prone to tarmac delays because letting passengers off planes can cost an airline a lot of money, said Hanni of FlyersRights.org.

If a plane is diverted because of a reason within the airline’s control, such as a mechanical failure, ticket contracts usually state that passengers will be reimbursed for hotels, food and transportation. That means airlines do everything in their power to keep passengers on board in hope that the plane will be able to take off again.

JetBlue said that passengers who were diverted to Bradley International would be reimbursed for their fares and hotel expenses.

A representative for the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey, which oversees Newark and JFK airports, could not immediately say how many total flights were diverted to other airports because of equipment failures.

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