My finance view

Carolynn Ingerson Hoffman says she knew even as a little girl that she wanted to become a nurse and help sick people get better.

She says she also gained a strong work ethic from her father, who held two or three jobs at a time to earn enough to support a family of six girls and a boy in north St. Louis County.

Hoffman didn’t let a lack of money for education and partial deafness stemming from illnesses get in her way while pursuing her goal of a nursing degree. She got a scholarship and studied hard. Compounding the difficulty was that she was a divorced mother with a young son.

Then, after working as a registered nurse for several years, she pursued a new dream: a business to provide nursing services throughout the St. Louis area.

Her business, now called MediNurse Inc., marks its 25th anniversary this year. The business, originally named CompreHealth Inc., employs more than 100 full- and part-time workers and provides a wide range of nursing services for hospitals, businesses, organizations and individuals.

I understand that you overcame great personal difficulties to get to where you are in life. What is your best advice for others who similarly face great odds?

I guess I would say that growing up in a large family when I did had its challenges, certainly monetarily. I could also take you through the ’60s and ’70s and tell you what it was like at the time being a divorced mother who had to work.

Now, that was a challenge — just getting housing and credit were challenges. I’d like to think, and I do know, that it was because of women like me who opened doors — or crashed through them — that many women today have been able to move forward and upward. We fought the battles so that they could win the war.

My best advice for anyone is to just keep going. Don’t give up, find a way around every obstacle and find the opportunity in every challenge. You have to take control and make things happen — things you want to happen.

How has your hearing loss affected the way you’ve operated your business?

It has affected my career greatly. In the beginning, I was treated with kid gloves — kind of pitied. That surprised me, because I was elated I could even hear! I didn’t consider wearing hearing aids a handicap but rather blessings.

But because everybody seemed to be so sympathetic, I decided to use it to my best advantage in business. I could always get the best seat in a conference room and could say "excuse me" when I needed to think for a moment. I never hid the fact that I was hearing impaired.

I do need the best seating possible to hear. I do have trouble distinguishing words. Now I have to take a second person on marketing calls just to make sure I’m hearing correctly.

The need for nursing services seems to be ever increasing. Did you foresee that trend when you started your business?

In this business and others you have to pay attention to the trends and stay one step ahead of them. We’ve been through shortages, we’ve been through periods of oversupply. Now we’re looking at a national shortage of nurses unlike all others.

It was perfectly predictable. The largest block of nurses, the baby boomers, are retiring. There aren’t enough qualified faculty available in order to admit more nursing students. Nurses have so many more opportunities today other than actual bedside nursing. Add it all up and it spells shortage.

Would the legislation being considered in Congress do enough to address the nation’s health care crisis and bring affordable care to more people?

I haven’t read the Senate bill. I did, however, read the House bill — every page of it — and was appalled. …

Do I think what we are doing is good for health care and this country? No, I do not.

It seems to me we could have purchased insurance for everyone who didn’t have it, pay the premiums each year and it would have been less than this, and the majority would still have their insurance.

What could we do to make health care more affordable? Let us buy the insurance that meets our needs from any state.

Tort reform also is needed. Physicians practice too much defensive litigation to the extent that it impacts every aspect of health care. Simply put, they’re concerned they will be sued.

I have great concerns about what is happening in Washington. I’ve become a political activist at 64!

Even as your business has grown and thrived, do you wish you had done anything differently along the way?

Yes. I was going to franchise and, in fact, had a check for $50,000 in my hand to take to the lawyers to get started. It was the day the stock market crashed (in 1987). I canceled the appointment, which was the right decision at the time. However, I should have done the franchising when conditions were favorable again.

I try not to look back and second-guess myself. I have always been guided by a strong work ethic and commitment to doing what is right, while maintaining a good profit margin. I got these traits from my father.

We have been number one in size, visibility and profitability. I really don’t have the need to do that again.

Don’t get me wrong — I am very committed to being successful. However, being successful means to me helping others as well as guiding my company into the future.

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Asset bubbles are the No. 1 threat to financial stability in Asia, meaning policy makers should avoid an excessive focus on inflation, said Norman Chan, the head of Hong Kong’s de facto central bank.

Asia’s experience in the past 20 years shows the biggest threat “is from asset bubbles, rather than inflation,” Chan, chief executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, said in a speech posted on the organization’s Web site today. “I’m not saying that Asia does not need to worry about or guard against inflation, but I think we should focus more on the risk of asset bubbles forming and the associated damages.”

Chan said more than HK$640 billion ($82.6 billion) flowed into Hong Kong since October last year, helping to drive up housing prices for 10 straight months. Donald Tsang, the city’s chief executive, said Nov. 13 that he was “scared” that money flowing into Asia because of low interest rates in the U.S. could lead to another crisis in the region.

“Many Asian governments are concerned about asset-bubble risks,” said Irina Fan, an economist at the Hong Kong-based Hang Seng Bank Ltd. “Not only are low interest rates in the U.S. and the euro zone fueling concerns, many governments are also pumping money into their markets.”

Chan didn’t say that Hong Kong or Asia had bubbles. It’s difficult to assess when they’re forming, he said.

‘Extremely Loose’ Policies

“If it’s considered that bubbles have started to form, we should adopt appropriate and strong measures to prevent the bubbles from expanding too much,” Chan said in his Chinese- language speech.

Financial officials in Japan and China, Asia’s two largest economies, warned last month that the Federal Reserve’s interest-rate policy risks spurring speculative capital that may inflate asset prices and derail the global economic recovery.

“The current extremely loose global monetary policies and huge capital inflows provide the ideal conditions and ingredients for Asian asset bubbles to grow, so the potential risk of asset bubbles is not small,” Chan said No teletrak payday loan.

Hong Kong’s monetary policy is limited by the local dollar’s peg to the U.S. currency, meaning that the city’s interest rates track those of the U.S.

Prices for existing Hong Kong homes rose 29 percent this year, according to the Centa-City Leading Index, a weekly measure developed by Centaline Property Agency Ltd. and the City University of Hong Kong.

Betting on Property

Hang Lung Properties Ltd. Chairman Ronnie Chan said Dec. 4 that Hong Kong’s home market is a “good bet,” joining billionaire Lee Shau-kee in forecasting rising prices. Sun Hung Kai Properties Ltd. Vice Chairman Raymond Kwok said Dec. 3 that property prices in Hong Kong are still “reasonable.”

In October, the city tightened down-payment requirements for luxury homes for the first time since 1991 to curtail speculation.

Hong Kong should consider tightening lending rules to stop rapid credit growth and asset-price gains from damaging the economy, the International Monetary Fund said Dec. 3.

“Strong capital inflows and the resultant large liquidity overhang in the financial system could potentially lead to rapid credit growth, fueling asset markets and creating macroeconomic volatility,” the IMF said. “Countervailing prudential measures could play a role in mitigating the credit-asset price cycle.”

In Hong Kong, consumer prices advanced at the fastest pace in nine months in October as the government ended subsidy programs and the city’s economic recovery encouraged spending. The increase was 2.2 percent from a year earlier. In China, consumer prices rose in November for the first time in 10 months.

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After a day of rumors, Apple Inc. confirmed late Friday that it has bought online music service Lala.

Terms of the deal were not disclosed. Palo Alto-based Lala’s backers include Boston-based Bain Capital Ventures, New York-based Warner Music Group and Bellevue, Wash.-based Ignition Partners.

Lala lets users listen to any song once without paying and pay 10 cents to be able to stream the music online, or 89 cents for most songs that can be played on a portable music player.

Cupertino-based Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL), by contrast, charges 99 cents for most songs through the iTunes store.

Apple isn’t saying what it will do with Lala.

Mountain View-based Google Inc paperless payday loans. (NASDAQ:GOOG) provided a big boost to Lala’s traffic in November when it started directing music searches to the company’s site when users were looking for songs. But that also appeared to tax Lala’s capacity with previous users complaining of the service slowing down.

Palo Alto-based Facebook Inc. also began allowing its users to purchase songs as gifts to send to their friends on the social network.

But the New Yorks Times reported Friday night that the Apple deal was triggered when Lala executives determined that they could not make a profit in the near term and approached the iTunes owner.

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Roughly 9 million U.S. households have no checking or savings account while many who do have bank accounts struggle to build credit histories, according to a Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. survey released Wednesday.

An additional 21 million households with checking accounts are considered "underbanked" because they use problematic alternatives such as payday loans or overdraft programs that provide quick cash but carry fees or triple-digit interest rates.

"In addition to paying more for basic transaction and credit financial services, these households may be more vulnerable to loss or theft and often struggle to build credit histories and achieve financial security," according to the report.

According to the survey roughly 7.7 percent of U.S. households have no bank accounts, or are "unbanked," while 17.9 percent are underbanked.

For the St. Louis metro area, the percentage was 7.5 percent and 22.4 percent, respectively.

The survey also reported that minorities were more likely to have no checking account or use problem alternative services. Approximately 21.7 percent of U.S. black households are unbanked, while 19.3 percent of Hispanic households are unbanked. Roughly 3.5 percent of Asian and white households have no checking or savings accounts payday loans.

An estimated 31 percent of black households are underbanked, while 24 percent of Hispanics are underbanked.

The disparity was greater in St. Louis: 31 percent of the area’s black households are unbanked, while 34 percent are underbanked. In contrast, the figures were 1.1 percent and 19.2 percent, respectively, for the area’s white, non-Hispanic households.

St. Louis’ unbanked percentage among black households was the highest among 20 metro areas studied by the FDIC, though seven areas didn’t report a breakdown on black households. Detroit was the second-highest at 30 percent, followed by Chicago’s 25.5 percent.

"The report shows that banks in the St. Louis region have done a poor job reaching out to African Americans," Mira Tanna, assistant director of the Metropolitan St. Louis Equal Housing Opportunity Council, said in an e-mail.

"It is time for banks to offer equitable access to credit to African Americans in the St. Louis region."

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General Motors Co’s board of directors, citing a need to chart a new course, dismissed Chief Executive Fritz Henderson on Tuesday, a person with direct knowledge of the proceedings said.

GM Chairman Ed Whitacre will become interim chief executive as the automaker begins an immediate search for a replacement.

Henderson, a career GM executive, became CEO eight months ago, vowing to reform the slow-moving culture that contributed to the automaker’s collapse. The announcement of his departure came after a meeting of GM’s 13-member board in Detroit.

Henderson became CEO in March after his predecessor, Rick Wagoner, was forced out by the Obama administration as part of the U.S. government-funded restructuring of GM.

“The board decided — and Fritz agreed — that given where we are, it was time to make some changes,” GM spokesman Chris Preuss said at a hastily arranged news conference.

Whitacre, a former AT&T chief executive, became chairman of GM in July as part of a new board vetted by the U.S. Treasury and intended to safeguard the government’s $50 billion investment in the automaker.

The U.S. government has a majority stake in GM, but the Obama administration has repeatedly said that it is leaving oversight of the company to Whitacre and the board.

Preuss said the White House had been notified of Henderson’s departure, but was not part of the decision.

Whitacre appeared briefly before reporters at GM’s headquarters in Detroit but did not take questions on why the board had chosen to part ways with Henderson.

Reading from a prepared statement, Whitacre said Henderson, who helped GM through its July bankruptcy, had “done a remarkable job in leading the company through an unprecedented period of challenge and change.”

“While momentum has been building over the past several months, all involved agree that changes needed to be made,” Whitacre said.

With the appointment of Whitacre, all three U.S. automakers are now headed by outsiders to Detroit.

Ford Motor Co CEO Alan Mulallly left Boeing Co in 2006. Chrysler is now headed by Fiat SpA CEO Sergio Marchionne.

(Reporting by David Bailey, writing by Kevin Krolicki; editing by Patrick Fitzgibbons and Matthew Lewis)

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Immigrants face lower wages and are more likely than Canadian-born workers to be forced into temporary or part-time jobs, according to a new study.

The report from Statistics Canada, made public Monday, also found newcomers tend to end up in jobs for which they are overqualified.

Immigrants who landed in Canada 10 years ago or more tend to fare better, with their work experience more closely resembling that of people who were born here.

The report, based on data from last year’s labour market, found that the average weekly hours worked by immigrants in their main job was 38.3, only slightly higher than the 38.1 hours of Canadian-born workers.

The average hourly wage of a Canadian-born employee aged from 25 to 54 was $23.72, compared with $21.44 for an immigrant worker, a difference of $2.28 an hour, Statistics Canada noted.

The widest gap, $5.04 per hour, involved immigrants who had landed within the previous five years, the paper said, but the overall wage gap existed "regardless of when the immigrants landed." It narrows to $1.32 for immigrants in Canada for a decade or longer.

The difference in wages between immigrant workers and Canadian-born colleagues was widest among those with university degrees, with immigrants earning an average of $25.31 an hour, about $5 less than Canadian-born counterparts.

Immigrants with multiple jobs worked an average of 50 hours per week in 2008, about 2.3 hours longer than Canadians who hold down more than one job, StatsCan said.

Among part-time workers, 38 per cent of newcomers said working part-time was involuntary, higher than the 30 per cent of Canadian-born workers who agreed. Last year, 9.7 per cent of newcomers were in temporary positions, slightly more than the 8.3 per cent of Canadian-born employees.

The report also found 42 per cent of immigrant workers 25-54 had a higher education level for their job than normally required, while 28 per cent of Canadian-born workers were similarly overqualified.

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Can you tell the difference between a plastic shoe and a luxury sports car?

Porsche, the famed German car company, is entangled in a legal spat with Crocs, the maker of rubber shoes. At issue: The shoe company’s use of the name Cayman for a line of footwear.

Porsche also has a product called the Cayman, and it claims that Crocs’ (CROX) use of the name infringes on Porsche’s trademark.

In Porsche’s case, the Cayman is a two-seat hard-top sports car with a starting price of about $51,000. Crocs’ Cayman is the familiar rubber clog with thick soles, holes covering its upper surfaces and a starting price of about $30 a pair.

The blog Footnoted.org spotlighted the quirky legal fight this week after finding it disclosed in the fine print of Crocs’ most recent quarterly report, which Crocs filed last week.

Crocs Europe, a division of the Niwot, Colo payday cash advance.-based shoe company, received a letter from Porsche on May 11 claiming that the Crocs’ use of the Cayman name violated Porsche’s trademark rights. Porsche demanded that Crocs immediately stop using the name, and also requested payment for the legal costs incurred in writing the cease-and-desist notice.

That was followed on July 30 by an injunction against Crocs Europe’s use of the Cayman name in Germany.

"The company intends to vigorously defend itself against these claims," Crocs said in its quarterly filing.

Neither Crocs nor Porsche was immediately available to respond to a request for comment on the legal spat. 

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India’s central bank took the first step toward withdrawing its record monetary stimulus as inflation pressures build, ordering lenders to keep more cash in government bonds.

“It may be appropriate to sequence the ‘exit’ in a calibrated way,” Governor Duvvuri Subbarao said today after increasing the statutory liquidity ratio to 25 percent from 24 percent and raising the inflation forecast. The central bank kept benchmark policy rates unchanged, while maintaining its economic growth forecast of 6 percent “with an upward bias.”

Stocks fell the most in two months after the statement spurred speculation the Reserve Bank of India will boost borrowing costs by year-end, eroding corporate profits. Today’s shift also signals intensifying global concern about consumer and asset-price increases, with Norway tomorrow forecast to follow Australia in raising rates this month.

“We will start to see G-20 economies exiting now, starting with the emerging ones and then the advanced countries,” said Mridul Saggar, the Mumbai-based chief economist at Kotak Securities Ltd. “In India’s case, growth is coming back on track and inflation is becoming quite a concern.”

The Bombay Stock Exchange’s Sensitive index fell 2.3 percent to 16,351.58 at 2:50 p.m. local time. The rupee extended losses to 0.7 percent, trading at 46.98 against the dollar.

Bonds Rise

Bonds rose because some banks will need to boost their holdings as a result of today’s move, said Murthy Nagarajan, a fund manager at Mirae Asset Global Investment in Mumbai. The yield on the 6.90 percent note due July 2019 fell 9 basis points to 7.32 percent, the biggest drop since Sept. 15, according to the central bank’s trading system.

Subbarao, who has injected 5.85 trillion rupees ($130 billion) of cash since September 2008 to protect the Indian economy from the worst financial crisis since the 1930s, said draining that money has become a “central issue in our policy matrix.” The liquidity injection was the equivalent to almost 9 percent of India’s gross domestic product, Asia’s third-largest.

The central bank said “unconventional” steps taken during the global meltdown in the past year can now be reversed to damp price gains, adding that reversing the “conventional measures is not considered appropriate for now.”

Subbarao maintained the reverse repurchase rate at 3.25 percent, the repurchase rate at 4.75 percent and the cash reserve ratio at 5 percent, in line with the median forecast of 24 economists surveyed by Bloomberg News. He increased the inflation forecast for the year to March 31 to 6.5 percent from 5 percent.

Exporter Credit

The central bank cut the refinance limit to exporters to 15 percent of their eligible outstanding credit from 50 percent, and asked lenders to set aside more funds as provision for loans to property companies.

India becomes the second country, after Australia, among Group of 20 nations to take steps to boost borrowing costs, underscoring a rising threat of accelerating consumer and asset prices. At the same time, today’s decision risks damping a recovery from India’s weakest growth pace in six years.

Subbarao said today’s action wouldn’t affect the “liquidity position” of the banking system, since most commercial banks have government bond holdings amounting to 27.6 percent of their deposits.

Central banks globally have stepped up their vigil against inflation and asset-price increases.

Global Context

The Reserve Bank of Australia increased rates three weeks ago, citing costlier real estate. Norway’s Norges Bank is set to raise borrowing costs tomorrow, according to a Bloomberg survey. Bank of Korea Governor Lee Seong Tae said Oct. 23 that keeping rates at a record low may not be healthy for the economy.

At the U.S. Federal Reserve, officials under Chairman Ben S. Bernanke are reviewing whether recent gains in asset prices and narrowing credit spreads are justified as they try to ensure near- zero borrowing costs don’t create bubbles.

Subbarao said there are “definitive” indications that India’s economy is recovering. Accordingly, attention around the world has shifted from “managing the crisis to managing the recovery.” He said the prospects for Indian industry have become “more promising” and with the revival in the stock market and international financial markets, there will be a pick-up in investments.

Political Factor

The decision to signal tighter monetary conditions comes after Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee told Bloomberg-UTV television channel on Oct. 8 that promoting economic growth and containing inflation are both important and the central bank shouldn’t “compromise” one for the other.

Subbarao is concerned about consumer-price inflation in India that’s running above 10 percent and may accelerate further after the weakest monsoon rains since 1972 create food shortages. India’s $1.2 trillion economy depends on the June to September rains to water crops.

India uses wholesale price data as its key inflation gauge; consumer price indexes are calculated on the basis of rural and urban workers and don’t capture the aggregate price picture.

Wholesale prices rose for a sixth week on Oct. 10, gaining 1.21 percent. Robert Prior-Wandesforde, an economist at HSBC Group Plc in Singapore, expects the rate to hit 8 percent by March 31. Asset prices are also rising, evidenced by the 75 percent climb in the Bombay Stock Exchange’s Sensitive index since January.

“The central bank faces a very delicate situation to manage growth and inflation,” said Ravi Sud, chief financial officer at Hero Honda Motors Ltd., India’s biggest motorcycle maker. “On balance, inflation is the risk as it will hurt consumption and eventually hurt growth as well.”

It will be a “big challenge” to sustain Hero Honda’s profit margins because of rising commodity prices, Sud said last week. Hero Honda, based in New Delhi, is the Indian affiliate of Japan’s Honda Motor Co.

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Britain’s economy contracted unexpectedly in the third quarter of this year, squashing hopes of an end to the downturn and instead making the current recession the longest on record, official data showed Friday.

The Office for National Statistics said British gross domestic product fell by 0.4 percent between July and September, versus analysts’ expectations of a 0.2 percent rise, meaning the economy has contracted for six successive quarters for the first time since records began in 1955.

Year-on-year, output shrank by 5.2 percent, only marginally better than the record 5.5 percent annual fall registered in the second quarter. The quarterly decline between April and June was unrevised at 0.6 percent.

With an election due by next June, the length of the recession will be an embarrassment to Prime Minister Gordon Brown’s ruling Labour Party, particularly as many of Britain’s major trading partners are already out of recession.

The government has forecast that growth will resume by the end of the year and is counting on a stronger rebound in the coming years than most independent forecasters.

The ONS said there had been a peak-to-trough GDP fall of 5.9 percent during the current recession, compared to 6.0 percent between the second quarter of 1979 and the first quarter of 1981 — a period when there were some quarters of growth.

A surprise decline in the services sector was a key factor behind Friday’s disappointing figures. The sector contracted by 0.2 percent over the quarter, with the distribution, hotels and catering sub-sector leading the decline with a 1.0 percent quarterly drop.

Economists had already expected industrial output to be weak, following a sharp monthly drop in August, and the GDP data bore this out. Industrial production fell by 0.7 percent over the quarter, taking its annual decline to 10.4 percent.

(Reporting by David Milliken and Christina Fincher)

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Tengzhong, a little-known Chinese machinery maker that has agreed to buy GM’s Hummer brand, said on Monday it has begun to seek regulatory approval for the deal, aiming to close the purchase by early 2010.

Sichuan Tengzhong Heavy Industrial Machinery, which first announced its intent to buy Hummer in June, has been in touch with the Chinese government after signing a landmark deal to acquire the brand last week, a company spokeswoman said.

“We have started communicating with the relevant regulatory bodies and will continue to support the application process in accordance with the requirements,” she said, adding that Tengzhong hoped to close the deal late this year or early 2010.

She did not specify which government bodies Tengzhong had contacted. China’s Ministry of Commerce has authority over the deal while the National Development and Reform Commission would have to approve any new major investment in the country, such as building a new manufacturing base.

She said Tengzhong would also explore opportunities to set up a Hummer manufacturing base in China targeting the Chinese market.

The deal must also be approved by U.S. regulators.

SENTIMENT SWITCH

Initial sentiment toward the sale was negative in China, with many questioning why a Chinese firm with no experience running a major Western brand would want to buy a struggling name known for its large gas-guzzling vehicles.

But the mood has turned more neutral since then, with regulators saying such purchases should be allowed when they make commercial sense saving account payday loan.

Tengzhong aims to gain a globally known brand, intellectual property, a trademark and manufacturing expertise from the deal.

The purchase agreement with General Motors Co, signed on Friday, underscores the fast rise and global ambitions of the Chinese auto industry, populated by a wide range of fast-growing, aggressive car makers such as Geely Automobile, SAIC Motor Corp and BYD.

It marks the first time that Chinese investors have stepped in as major buyers into the distressed U.S. auto industry, and comes after China surpassed the United States to become the world’s largest auto market.

A source close to Tengzhong previously told Reuters that the Hummer business would be sold for about $150 million, far less than GM’s earlier estimate that the brand could fetch more than $500 million.

Under the deal, Lumena Resources Corp Chairman Suolang Duoji would hold 20 percent of the investment vehicle buying Hummer. Tengzhong would hold the remaining 80 percent.

Hummer has its origins in a multipurpose vehicle known as the Humvee that was used by the U.S. military. GM bought the brand in 1999 and its sales peaked in 2006, but they have been hit hard since then by a slumping U.S. economy and higher gas prices.

(Editing by Edmund Klamann)

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