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The complex prescription for successful health care investing usually includes the careful consideration of drug pipelines, current-product sales, patent expirations, potential mergers and stock dividends.

Add to that list in 2010 an untested ingredient called health care reform.

"Institutional investors don’t want to see big headlines about the health care industry that they weren’t able to predict," said Les Funtleyder, health care strategist for Miller Tabak & Co. in New York. "So they’re currently operating on the fear of increased regulation or pricing pressures."

If you’re in any way optimistic that the outcome of health care reform won’t be bad for drug companies, the current fears mean that health care stock prices will never be more reasonable than they are now. Prices are depressed and the dividends solid.

"Once we know what the reform will look like in detail we can then move forward," believes Linda Bannister, health care analyst for Edward Jones in St. Louis. "Managed care is the most at risk from health care reform, and then the risk declines from there."

Beyond the potential negatives of reform on drug stocks there may be some long-term positives.

"If 30 million people who didn’t have health insurance were to have it, imagine what that does for a pharmaceutical company," said James Molloy, pharmaceutical analyst for Caris & Co. in Boston. "The plus side of drugs is that most people with insurance never pay full price, but instead pay a co-pay, and you can imagine what kind of car everyone would drive if they had a co-pay for their gas."

While awaiting a clear prognosis on reform, investors must fall back on traditional considerations that tend to favor big pharma that keeps growing bigger.

Merck & Co., whose stock is flat this year after a 25 percent gain last year, is recommended by Bannister and Funtleyder because its strong product pipeline means it won’t require the endless cutting of costs to be profitable. It faces loss of patents on several key drugs in coming years and fierce competition, yet its financial health is strong and its research excellent.

Merck’s launches of diabetes drug Januvia, papillomavirus vaccine Gardasil and HIV drug Isentress have all been successes, while its acquisition of Schering-Plough could result in $3.5 billion in annual cost-saving synergies by 2012. More than half of Merck’s sales are outside the U.S.

Johnson & Johnson, its stock down slightly this year after last year’s 11 percent rise, has suffered through a period of patent expirations, but Bannister believes its drug pipeline coupled with continued efficiencies should accelerate its growth. It benefits from being the world’s largest and most diverse health-care company, with the top or number-two leadership position in 70 percent of its products.

"I cover mostly smaller names of the world and try to find those with downside protection in the form of some core value," said Molloy.

Warner Chilcott Plc, whose stock is down 8 percent this year after last year’s 96 percent gain, is Molloy’s top pick in part because it has massive cash flow. This marketer of women’s health and dermatology products recently purchased Procter & Gamble’s prescription drug business. Its product mix includes hormonal oral contraceptives and hormone therapy products for menopausal symptoms, as well as topical products for psoriasis and an antibiotic for acne.

The other Molloy favorite is Endo Pharmaceutical Holdings Inc., up 10 percent this year after last year’s 21 percent decline. It is a specialty drug company in pain management whose flagship product is the Lidoderm adhesive patch for post-shingle pain. The company, which cross-sells many of its pain-related products, last year acquired Indevus Pharmaceuticals, which specializes in urology and endocrinology.

"My biggest consideration is whether the good news or bad news is factored into the stock price," explained Molloy. "I also ask whether its primary drug has to be a $1 billion drug for the company’s stock price to go higher."

Novartis AG and Bristol Myers Squibb Co. are Funtleyder’s other favorites. Though he says "no one is firing on all cylinders right now," there is little downside, they offer solid dividends and their upside is the enormous potential of their drug pipelines.

Mergers can come fast and furious among drug companies, but is an unpredictable trend that none of the experts expect will take place soon.

"Pharma has been a consolidating industry ever since it was an industry," said Funtleyder, noting that patent expirations and slowing sales drove the most recent mergers and innovation may someday drive the next go-around. "Consolidation happens in waves and last year was a pretty big wave, so we think there will be a break for a couple of years before we see the next wave of consolidation."

Other Bannister choices include Eli Lilly & Co., Pfizer Inc. and Abbott Laboratories.

"If a company like Lilly is unable to execute its pipeline, then at some point it is going to have to make a sizeable acquisition or it will potentially be acquired," concluded Bannister, who considers investment in Lilly a three- to five-year story. "Yet most of these companies’ strategies are licensing deals or small ‘tuck-in’ acquisitions, so I’m not betting on a new wave of industry consolidation."

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Rural/Metro Medical Services is launching a new service designed to help the homebound and seniors in case of emergency.

Many people will remember the television commercials in which an elderly woman pushes a button on a wearable monitor for help after falling. Rural/Metro’s HomeHelpLine service offers a similar service with a major difference: Calls come in to trained emergency medical dispatchers who respond using Rural/Metro’s network of local hospitals and ambulance services.

“When you call a LifeLine or other national providers, calls come through security companies or you’re really dealing with a call center that could be anywhere in the country,” says Jay Smith, public affairs manager. “Our dispatchers are medically trained EMTs and emergency dispatch. We’re local and we’re trained.”

Launched in mid-December, the service has signed up 60 customers so far with a goal of 500 by the end of Rural/Metro’s fiscal year in July. The service is currently available in Erie and Niagara counties, but plans call for extending service into all eight Western New York counties.

The company is targeting seniors and homebound individuals, as well as the children of such people who worry they can’t check in on their loved ones as often as they’d like. Smith says the company is relying on brand recognition and Rural/Metro’s reputation in the region to close the deal.

Additionally, the company is targeting individuals recovering from surgery; those with chronic conditions; and anyone who lives alone or spends several hours at home alone on a regular basis.

The service is available for $24.99 per month. That’s lower than some national services, enabled in part by Rural/Metro’s existing equipment and infrastructure that results in less overhead, Smith says.

Based in Scottsdale, Ariz., Rural/Metro Corp. (RURL) is a national provider of emergency services in 22 states.

Locally, the company has more than 550 employees, including 450 EMTs and paramedics, and a fleet of 90 emergency vehicles that responds to more than 100,000 calls every year.

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BRIDGETON — A new Walmart Supercenter would produce an estimated $7 million a year in sales and property tax revenue beginning in 2012, the developer’s proposal says.

Bridgeton Rock Development LLC will present the number Tuesday to a government-appointed TIF Commission as part of the company’s application for up to $8 million in TIF financial benefits.

The $7 million in sales and property taxes is based on projected sales of $82.5 million and would be split among Bridgeton, the state, county and several other taxing jurisdictions. The terms of any TIF arrangement would determine how the money is allocated.

While Bridgeton officials embrace the idea, the proposal has stirred opposition in neighboring St. Ann. Officials there say a supercenter would mean the closing of a smaller, older Walmart on the border of St. Ann and Bridgeton. Ten percent or less of that store is in St. Ann, but it is St. Ann’s second-biggest source of revenue, behind a Shop ‘n Save.

St. Ann’s finances, already staggered by the decline of the Northwest Plaza, cannot take another hit, said city manager Matt Conley. He predicted layoffs of city employees would result, including a loss of police officers.

CHANGE IN TIF LAW

For years, local governments doled out tax-increment financing as a tool to encourage developers to locate in their cities. In 2007, the Missouri Legislature changed the law, taking some authority from the cities and adopting a regional countywide approach. That — combined with the downward spiral of the economy — put a lid on TIF requests.

Walmart’s proposal is only the second in St. Louis County to be considered under the new TIF law, which went into effect Jan. 1, 2008. University City recently approved a mixed-use residential and retail project.

Bridgeton officials say the amount of revenue their city would receive from the supercenter clearly would exceed the amount now realized from the current Walmart, at 10835 St. Charles Rock Road. That store originally was built entirely inside Bridgeton, but was expanded with a garden center that crossed over into St. Ann.

Bridgeton Mayor Conrad Bowers said it was safe to assume his city would gain in sales tax. "The store is going be larger, and have many more products, and the sales will be higher," he said.

Bridgeton Rock Development, an affiliate of THF Realty Inc., will make a formal presentation Tuesday to the Tax-Increment Financing Commission, made up of representatives of St. Louis County, the city and other jurisdictions.

TIF is a tax incentive that allows the developer to divert some funds that would go to taxes initially for development costs.

The developer is proposing to build a 159,000-square-foot Supercenter on about 13 acres on the south side of St guaranteed high risk personal loans. Charles Rock Road at Harmony Lane. The existing store, built in 1988, is almost 120,000 square feet — or about 40,000 square feet smaller.

THF said in a written proposal to the city that it was prepared to move immediately after getting approval. THF said it hoped to have title by this summer and open the Supercenter in the fall of 2011.

In addition to construction jobs, THF said the Supercenter would employ about 300 workers.

In September, Walmart closed another older, smaller store in Town and Country and opened a larger supercenter one mile away in neighboring Manchester. In St. Louis, a Sam’s Club was closed at the MarketPlace and reopened in adjacent Maplewood. Sam’s Club is a division of Wal-Mart Stores Inc.

NO SET POLICY

Wal-Mart officials say the company does not have a policy of closing older stores and rebuilding. In fact, the company is engaged in a large-scale remodeling program it calls "Project Impact."

Ryan Horn, senior manager of public affairs for Wal-Mart, said that Project Impact would fully remodel 80 percent of the Walmart stores in the U.S. in the next five years.

At the same time, the company’s other business strategy is to build new supercenter in some communities to modernize.

In Bridgeton, he said, the Supercenter would allow the company to "add full retail-grocery service and make it a modern Walmart. That’s the crux of it. There’s a real need for it in the Bridgeton-St. Ann area and it’s a way of better servicing our customers."

He said Wal-Mart had no intention of tearing down the existing Walmart in St. Ann and would put it on the market.

"We have a very good track record of marketing our buildings," he said.

Even if the TIF Commission recommends against the TIF request, the Bridgeton City Council could overrule it if six of eight council members agreed.

Bowers added: "In my judgment, I think that it (the supercenter) will happen because I really believe it’s good for the area, it’s good for the county. It’s not like we’re stealing this from another area; the store is in Bridgeton."

Bowers said no major development would occur at the now vacant site — formerly a Grandpa Pigeon’s and then a Value City — without financial assistance in part because of the demolition costs.

"The point is Wal-Mart is going to build a Supercenter and I’m pleased they want to be in Bridgeton and at a site that needs to be redeveloped," Bowers said. "As far as I’m concerned it’s the correct use of a TIF."

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Fluke Networks said it’s purchased ClearSight Networks of Fremont, Calif., which makes computer networking analysis tools, for an undisclosed price.

Everett-based Fluke installs and certifies the testing, monitoring and analysis of copper, fiber and wireless networks.

“ClearSight’s network analysis solutions maximize network engineers’ ability to actively monitor critical links carrying high volumes of network traffic for performance bottlenecks, security anomalies and intermittent disruptions,” said Arif Kareem, president, Fluke Networks, in a statement.

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Home building is picking up once again in the St. Louis region.

The number of permits for new single-family homes jumped 69 percent in November from the same month last year, according to new figures from the Home Builders Association of St. Louis.

The sharp jump was due in part to better weather, and to an exceptionally slow November last year, but it was the fifth consecutive month of year-over-year gains and echoed a national increase reported last week.

The numbers add to the growing sentiment that the market for new homes has bottomed out and that the supply of new construction is coming back into line with demand, after overbuilding in recent years. That has some market-watchers predicting a home building rebound in the spring.

Still, the market has a long way to go to return to past heights. For the year through November, local permits were running 17 percent behind last year’s pace and two-thirds off their peak in 2005.

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NEW YORK–A nine-month rally in oil prices could be faltering as a gradual sell-off that began in late October gains momentum.

Crude prices, which doubled from March to October, slipped Friday for the eighth day in a row. The January contract fell 67 cents to settle at $69.87 (U.S.) a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. It’s the first time oil has settled below $70 a barrel since early October.

Prices hit two-month lows as the greenback gained strength and investors took a second look at paltry demand figures in the West.

All energy prices were in retreat despite a report Friday from the International Energy Agency saying global oil demand will rise more than previously expected next year payday loans. Analysts said they’ve heard such talk before, and they’re now looking for concrete signs of demand from both consumers and industry.

The IEA, an energy watchdog for some of the biggest oil consuming nations, said it was raising its estimates for 2010 global oil demand because of increased economic activity in Asia and the Middle East.

Associated Press

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Hewlett-Packard Co. announced Wednesday it will purchase networking company 3Com for $2.7 billion, and also preannounced higher fiscal fourth-quarter earnings and raised its outlook for fiscal 2010.

The deal is worth $7.90 per share of 3Com, which is 39% higher than the stock’s closing price of $5.69 on Wednesday. Shares of 3Com (COMS) soared 35% to $7.65 after hours on the announcement.

"By combining HP … with 3Com’s extensive set of solutions, we will enable customers to build a next-generation network infrastructure that supports customer needs from the edge of the network to the heart of the data center," said Dave Donatelli, HP’s vice president of networking, in a statement.

3Com took in $1.3 billion in revenue last year on its networking and securities solutions products. The Marlborough, Mass.-based company mostly does business with corporate clients, and its H3C networking unit is a market leader in China.

HP (HPQ, Fortune 500) said it made the acquisition to expand its networking solutions offerings and to "significantly strengthen the company’s position in China." The company said 3Com has been very successful in rapidly gaining market share in China, scooping up 30% of the network switching market.

On a conference call with analysts, Donatelli said 3Com had "best-in-class products," which will be married with HP’s mammoth distribution and sales arm. When the sale is completed, "the networking world will be completely transformed," he boasted.

HP said it will grow both 3Com’s and HP’s sales force after the deal goes through, which will likely close in the first half of 2010. The boards of both companies have approved the deal.

Over the past year, HP has increased its services and business solutions business exponentially, catapulted by its $13.9 billion acquisition of services firm EDS in 2008.

"3Com is perhaps the most undervalued company in the networking space," said Zeus Kerravala, an analyst with Yankee Group. "3Com’s biggest challenges have been channel and brand same day payday loans… but HP’s strong brand and distribution capabilities can overcome those difficulties."

Kerravala said 3Com has the broadest portfolio of products except for networking leader Cisco, but HP’s acquisition will help leverage 3Com’s products to create an even stronger competitor to Cisco (CSCO, Fortune 500).

Better outlook: In addition to the 3Com acquisition, HP also announced preliminary financial results for the its fiscal fourth quarter ended in October. The tech giant said it will report earnings of 99 cents per share, up 18% from last year. Excluding one-time items, earnings were $1.14 per share, HP said.

Revenue will come in at $30.8 billion, which was down 8% from a year ago, the company added.

Analysts surveyed by Thomson Reuters, who typically exclude one-time items in their estimates, expected earnings of $1.12 per share and revenue of $29.8 billion.

HP also upped its guidance for fiscal 2010. The company said it will record revenue between $118 billion and $119 billion, up from its previous estimate of $117 billion to $118 billion. The new outlook is mostly higher than analysts’ consensus estimate of $118.2 billion.

Full-year earnings per share estimates were increased to $3.65 to $3.75, up from its previous estimate of $3.60 to $3.70. Excluding one-time items, HP said it would earn between $4.25 to $4.35 per share, mostly higher than analysts’ forecast of $4.28.

"Solid execution drove exceptional performance for HP this quarter, fueled by significant growth in China," said Mark Hurd, HP’s chief executive in a statement. "We are delivering on our strategy and are well positioned going into 2010."

HP, a Dow Jones industrial average component, will report its full, final financial results on Nov. 23. Its shares fell 1% to $49.47 in after-hours trading. 

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India’s central bank took the first step toward withdrawing its record monetary stimulus as inflation pressures build, ordering lenders to keep more cash in government bonds.

“It may be appropriate to sequence the ‘exit’ in a calibrated way,” Governor Duvvuri Subbarao said today after increasing the statutory liquidity ratio to 25 percent from 24 percent and raising the inflation forecast. The central bank kept benchmark policy rates unchanged, while maintaining its economic growth forecast of 6 percent “with an upward bias.”

Stocks fell the most in two months after the statement spurred speculation the Reserve Bank of India will boost borrowing costs by year-end, eroding corporate profits. Today’s shift also signals intensifying global concern about consumer and asset-price increases, with Norway tomorrow forecast to follow Australia in raising rates this month.

“We will start to see G-20 economies exiting now, starting with the emerging ones and then the advanced countries,” said Mridul Saggar, the Mumbai-based chief economist at Kotak Securities Ltd. “In India’s case, growth is coming back on track and inflation is becoming quite a concern.”

The Bombay Stock Exchange’s Sensitive index fell 2.3 percent to 16,351.58 at 2:50 p.m. local time. The rupee extended losses to 0.7 percent, trading at 46.98 against the dollar.

Bonds Rise

Bonds rose because some banks will need to boost their holdings as a result of today’s move, said Murthy Nagarajan, a fund manager at Mirae Asset Global Investment in Mumbai. The yield on the 6.90 percent note due July 2019 fell 9 basis points to 7.32 percent, the biggest drop since Sept. 15, according to the central bank’s trading system.

Subbarao, who has injected 5.85 trillion rupees ($130 billion) of cash since September 2008 to protect the Indian economy from the worst financial crisis since the 1930s, said draining that money has become a “central issue in our policy matrix.” The liquidity injection was the equivalent to almost 9 percent of India’s gross domestic product, Asia’s third-largest.

The central bank said “unconventional” steps taken during the global meltdown in the past year can now be reversed to damp price gains, adding that reversing the “conventional measures is not considered appropriate for now.”

Subbarao maintained the reverse repurchase rate at 3.25 percent, the repurchase rate at 4.75 percent and the cash reserve ratio at 5 percent, in line with the median forecast of 24 economists surveyed by Bloomberg News. He increased the inflation forecast for the year to March 31 to 6.5 percent from 5 percent.

Exporter Credit

The central bank cut the refinance limit to exporters to 15 percent of their eligible outstanding credit from 50 percent, and asked lenders to set aside more funds as provision for loans to property companies.

India becomes the second country, after Australia, among Group of 20 nations to take steps to boost borrowing costs, underscoring a rising threat of accelerating consumer and asset prices. At the same time, today’s decision risks damping a recovery from India’s weakest growth pace in six years.

Subbarao said today’s action wouldn’t affect the “liquidity position” of the banking system, since most commercial banks have government bond holdings amounting to 27.6 percent of their deposits.

Central banks globally have stepped up their vigil against inflation and asset-price increases.

Global Context

The Reserve Bank of Australia increased rates three weeks ago, citing costlier real estate. Norway’s Norges Bank is set to raise borrowing costs tomorrow, according to a Bloomberg survey. Bank of Korea Governor Lee Seong Tae said Oct. 23 that keeping rates at a record low may not be healthy for the economy.

At the U.S. Federal Reserve, officials under Chairman Ben S. Bernanke are reviewing whether recent gains in asset prices and narrowing credit spreads are justified as they try to ensure near- zero borrowing costs don’t create bubbles.

Subbarao said there are “definitive” indications that India’s economy is recovering. Accordingly, attention around the world has shifted from “managing the crisis to managing the recovery.” He said the prospects for Indian industry have become “more promising” and with the revival in the stock market and international financial markets, there will be a pick-up in investments.

Political Factor

The decision to signal tighter monetary conditions comes after Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee told Bloomberg-UTV television channel on Oct. 8 that promoting economic growth and containing inflation are both important and the central bank shouldn’t “compromise” one for the other.

Subbarao is concerned about consumer-price inflation in India that’s running above 10 percent and may accelerate further after the weakest monsoon rains since 1972 create food shortages. India’s $1.2 trillion economy depends on the June to September rains to water crops.

India uses wholesale price data as its key inflation gauge; consumer price indexes are calculated on the basis of rural and urban workers and don’t capture the aggregate price picture.

Wholesale prices rose for a sixth week on Oct. 10, gaining 1.21 percent. Robert Prior-Wandesforde, an economist at HSBC Group Plc in Singapore, expects the rate to hit 8 percent by March 31. Asset prices are also rising, evidenced by the 75 percent climb in the Bombay Stock Exchange’s Sensitive index since January.

“The central bank faces a very delicate situation to manage growth and inflation,” said Ravi Sud, chief financial officer at Hero Honda Motors Ltd., India’s biggest motorcycle maker. “On balance, inflation is the risk as it will hurt consumption and eventually hurt growth as well.”

It will be a “big challenge” to sustain Hero Honda’s profit margins because of rising commodity prices, Sud said last week. Hero Honda, based in New Delhi, is the Indian affiliate of Japan’s Honda Motor Co.

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Ukraine’s government must endorse a package of policy steps and veto a wage and pension law approved by lawmakers before it gets the fourth chunk of a $16.4 billion bailout loan, the International Monetary Fund said.

The eastern European nation was due to receive $3.4 billion after a mission from the Washington-based fund arrived in Kiev on Oct. 12 to review implementation of economic reforms.

The IMF is demanding an “agreed policy package, including assurances that the wage and pension law approved by Ukraine’s parliament, which is at odds with the objectives of the authorities’ program, will be vetoed,” the fund said in an e- mailed statement yesterday.

Ukraine is relying on the loan, approved in November, to stay afloat after the global recession and credit crisis undermined demand for exports such as steel and hammered its banking industry. The IMF program was suspended for three months this year because of government disputes over state spending.

“Ukraine is interested in getting the IMF money as soon as possible as part of it is likely to be used to cover the state budget gap,” said Olena Bilan, an analyst at Kiev-based investment bank Dragon Capital. “I think it may take between two to three weeks for Ukraine to solve the issue.”

The loan program was renewed in May after Prime Minister Yulia Timoshenko pledged to narrow the state budget deficit. The country has received $10.6 billion in loan payments to date.

Failure to Comply

Since then, Ukraine has failed to comply with the loan’s terms, including raising natural gas prices for households and adopting laws needed to stabilize the financial system. At the same time, Ukraine’s parliament approved a law on Oct. 20 increasing social payments, including the minimum wage, in an effort to win voter support ahead of Jan. 17 general elections.

The IMF said in July that reducing the budget deficit would be key to releasing the next tranche. The government will run a budget gap equivalent to 8.6 percent of gross domestic product this year, the IMF estimates. That figure excludes the cost of rebuilding the financial industry.

“The mission found that the economic and financial situation in Ukraine is stabilizing as a result of policies under this program,” the IMF said yesterday. “Preserving these gains will require policy discipline and corrective actions in some areas.”

Wage, Pension Law

Timoshenko said on Oct. 21 she would ask President Viktor Yushchenko to veto the wage and pension law adopted by the parliament as it “undermines the budget and fuels inflation.”

Larysa Mudrak, the spokeswoman for Yushchenko, declined to comment when Bloomberg news called her yesterday.

The economy contracted an annual 17.8 percent in the second quarter, after shrinking 20.3 percent in the three months through March.

Yushchenko and Timoshenko have clashed over fiscal policy. The president has criticized the government running a “huge” budget gap, while the opposition has blocked the passage of legislation through parliament until its demands for higher social spending are met.

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Tengzhong, a little-known Chinese machinery maker that has agreed to buy GM’s Hummer brand, said on Monday it has begun to seek regulatory approval for the deal, aiming to close the purchase by early 2010.

Sichuan Tengzhong Heavy Industrial Machinery, which first announced its intent to buy Hummer in June, has been in touch with the Chinese government after signing a landmark deal to acquire the brand last week, a company spokeswoman said.

“We have started communicating with the relevant regulatory bodies and will continue to support the application process in accordance with the requirements,” she said, adding that Tengzhong hoped to close the deal late this year or early 2010.

She did not specify which government bodies Tengzhong had contacted. China’s Ministry of Commerce has authority over the deal while the National Development and Reform Commission would have to approve any new major investment in the country, such as building a new manufacturing base.

She said Tengzhong would also explore opportunities to set up a Hummer manufacturing base in China targeting the Chinese market.

The deal must also be approved by U.S. regulators.

SENTIMENT SWITCH

Initial sentiment toward the sale was negative in China, with many questioning why a Chinese firm with no experience running a major Western brand would want to buy a struggling name known for its large gas-guzzling vehicles.

But the mood has turned more neutral since then, with regulators saying such purchases should be allowed when they make commercial sense saving account payday loan.

Tengzhong aims to gain a globally known brand, intellectual property, a trademark and manufacturing expertise from the deal.

The purchase agreement with General Motors Co, signed on Friday, underscores the fast rise and global ambitions of the Chinese auto industry, populated by a wide range of fast-growing, aggressive car makers such as Geely Automobile, SAIC Motor Corp and BYD.

It marks the first time that Chinese investors have stepped in as major buyers into the distressed U.S. auto industry, and comes after China surpassed the United States to become the world’s largest auto market.

A source close to Tengzhong previously told Reuters that the Hummer business would be sold for about $150 million, far less than GM’s earlier estimate that the brand could fetch more than $500 million.

Under the deal, Lumena Resources Corp Chairman Suolang Duoji would hold 20 percent of the investment vehicle buying Hummer. Tengzhong would hold the remaining 80 percent.

Hummer has its origins in a multipurpose vehicle known as the Humvee that was used by the U.S. military. GM bought the brand in 1999 and its sales peaked in 2006, but they have been hit hard since then by a slumping U.S. economy and higher gas prices.

(Editing by Edmund Klamann)

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